Biotechnology

A microscope is an essential scientific instrument used to magnify small objects for detailed observation, aiding research in biology, medicine, materials science, and more.

Types of Microscopes:

  1. Optical Microscopes

a)       Compound Microscope: High magnification (40x–1000x), used for cells and tissues.

b)       Stereo Microscope: Provides 3D views with low magnification (10x–40x), used for dissection.

  1. Electron Microscopes

a)       Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): High resolution (up to 2,000,000x), used for internal cell structures.

b)       Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): Produces 3D surface images with magnification up to 300,000x.

  1. Specialized Microscopes

a)       Fluorescence Microscope: Uses fluorescent dyes for specific cell structures.

b)       Confocal Microscope: Provides high-resolution 3D imaging.

Parts of a Microscope:

Key components include the ocular lens, objective lenses, stage, diaphragm, light source, condenser, coarse and fine adjustment knobs, and mechanical stage. Each part plays a role in magnification, focusing, and light regulation.

Uses of Microscopes:

  1. Biological Research – Cell biology, microbiology, and genetics.
  2. Medical Diagnostics – Histopathology, hematology, and pathogen detection.
  3. Industrial Applications – Materials science, metallurgy, and electronics.
  4. Environmental Science – Soil and water analysis, plant biology.
  5. Forensic Science – Evidence and trace material analysis.

Use and Care of Microscopes:

  • Proper Use: Start with low magnification, adjust light, fine-tune focus, and document observations.
Care & Maintenance: Clean lenses with lens paper, store in a dry place, handle carefully, and perform regular maintenance.